![]() The arrested person is sometimes required to hold a placard with name, date of birth, booking ID, weight, and other relevant information on it. This system was soon adopted throughout Europe, and in the United States and Russia. In 1888, Alphonse Bertillon invented the modern mug shot featuring full face and profile views, standardizing the lighting and angles. The paired arrangement may have been inspired by the 1865 prison portraits taken by Alexander Gardner of accused conspirators in the Lincoln assassination trial, though Gardner's photographs were full-body portraits with only the heads turned for the profile shots.Īfter the defeat of the Paris Commune in 1871, the Prefecture of Police of Paris hired a photographer, Eugène Appert, to take portraits of convicted prisoners. By the 1870s the agency had amassed the largest collection of mug shots in the US. The Pinkerton National Detective Agency began using these on wanted posters in the United States. By 1857, the New York City Police Department had a gallery where daguerreotypes of criminals were displayed. In Liverpool and Birmingham they were doing so by 1848. In the United Kingdom, police in London were photographing criminals by 1846. The earliest photos of prisoners taken for use by law enforcement may have been taken in Belgium in 18. In high-profile cases, mug shots may also be published in the mass media. Mug shots may be compiled into a mug book in order to determine the identity of a criminal. The background is usually plain to avoid distraction from the head. Self-portrait mug shot of Alphonse Bertillon, who developed and standardized this type of photograph, 22 August 1900Ī typical mug shot is two-part, with one side-view photo, and one front-view.
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